浜斾竴鍔冲姩鑺傚埌搴曟槸鎴戝浗鐨勪紶缁熻妭鏃ュ悧锛熻繖涓棶棰樺惉璧锋潵绠€鍗曪紝浣嗕粩缁嗕竴鎯筹紝杩樼湡鏈夌偣璁╀汉鎷夸笉鍑嗐€傜溂鐪嬬潃姣忓勾浜斾竴閮借兘鏀惧亣锛屽ぇ瀹惰涔堝嚭娓歌涔堝洖瀹跺洟鑱氾紝鎰熻璺熻繃鏄ヨ妭銆佷腑绉嬩技鐨勶紝浣嗚繖绉嶁€滆繃鑺傜殑鎰熻鈥濆氨鑳借鏄庡畠鏄紶缁熻妭鏃ュ悧锛熶粖澶╂潕鑰佸笀灏卞拰澶у涓€璧锋崑涓€鎹嬭繖涓瘽棰橈紝甯屾湜鑳藉府鍒颁綘锛?/p>
馃 涓€銆佸姵鍔ㄨ妭浠庡摢閲屾潵锛?/p>
瑕佹悶娓呮鍔冲姩鑺傛槸涓嶆槸浼犵粺鑺傛棩锛屾垜浠緱鍏堢湅鐪嬪畠鏄€庝箞鍑虹幇鐨勩€傝鍒拌繖涓紝灏变笉寰椾笉鎻愪竴鐧惧骞村墠閭ｆ宸ヤ汉杩愬姩鐨勫瞾鏈堜簡銆?/p>
19涓栫邯80骞翠唬锛岄偅鏃跺€欑殑缇庡浗宸ヤ汉鍙湡涓嶅鏄擄紝姣忓ぉ瑕佸伐浣?2鍒?6涓皬鏃讹紝鐢氳嚦鏇翠箙锛屽伐浜轰滑涓轰簡浜夊彇8灏忔椂宸ヤ綔鍒惰蛋涓婁簡琛楀ご銆?1886骞?鏈?鏃ワ紝缇庡浗鑺濆姞鍝ョ瓑鍩庡競鐨?5涓囧伐浜轰妇琛屼簡澶х舰宸ワ紝杩欏満鏂椾簤鏈€缁堝彇寰椾簡鑳滃埄銆?/p>
涓虹邯蹇佃繖娆′紵澶х殑宸ヤ汉杩愬姩锛?889骞?鏈堬紝鐢辨仼鏍兼柉棰嗗鐨勭浜屽浗闄呭湪宸撮粠涓捐浠ｈ〃澶т細锛屽喅瀹氭妸5鏈?鏃ュ畾涓哄浗闄呭姵鍔ㄨ妭銆?鎵€浠ヤ綘鐪嬶紝鍔冲姩鑺傝嚜鎵撳嚭鐢熷氨甯︾潃椴滄槑鐨勨€滃浗闄呪€濈儥鍗帮紝鏄负浜嗙邯蹇靛伐浜鸿繍鍔ㄨ€岃绔嬬殑銆?/p>
閭ｄ箞涓浗鏄暐鏃跺€欏紑濮嬭繃鍔冲姩鑺傜殑鍛紵鏍规嵁璧勬枡鏄剧ず锛屼腑鍥戒汉姘戝簡绁濆姵鍔ㄨ妭鐨勬椿鍔ㄥ彲杩芥函鑷?918骞淬€?1920骞?鏈?鏃ワ紝鍖椾含銆佷笂娴枫€佸箍宸炵瓑鍚勫伐涓氬煄甯傜殑宸ヤ汉缇や紬涓捐浜嗗０鍔挎旦澶х殑娓歌闆嗕細锛岃繖鍙互绉板緱涓婃槸涓浗鍘嗗彶涓婄殑绗竴涓簲涓€鍔冲姩鑺傘€?绛夊埌鏂颁腑鍥芥垚绔嬪悗锛屼腑澶汉姘戞斂鍔￠櫌浜?949骞?2鏈堝皢5鏈?鏃ュ畾涓烘硶瀹氱殑鍔冲姩鑺傘€?/p>
馃摐 浜屻€佷粈涔堟槸涓浗鐨勪紶缁熻妭鏃ワ紵
璇村畬浜嗗姵鍔ㄨ妭鐨勬潵鍘嗭紝鎴戜滑鍐嶆潵鐪嬬湅浠€涔堟墠鏄腑鍥界殑浼犵粺鑺傛棩銆傛潕鑰佸笀瑙夊緱锛岃繖涓€瀵规瘮浣犲氨鏄庣櫧浜嗭紒
涓浗浼犵粺鑺傛棩鍙槸鎴戜滑涓浗鎮犱箙鍘嗗彶鏂囧寲鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒?/strong>锛岃繖浜涜妭鏃ラ兘鏄粠杩滃彜鍏堟皯鏃舵湡鍙戝睍鑰屾潵鐨勶紝娓呮櫚鍦拌褰曠潃涓崕姘戞棌涓板瘜鑰屽褰╃殑绀句細鐢熸椿鏂囧寲鍐呭銆?鍍忔槬鑺傘€佹竻鏄庤妭銆佺鍗堣妭銆佷腑绉嬭妭杩欎簺锛屾墠鏄挶浠鍎垮叓缁忕殑浼犵粺鑺傛棩銆?/p>
鎴戜负澶у鍒椾妇鍑犱釜浼犵粺鑺傛棩鐨勭壒鑹诧細
鏄ヨ妭锛氬啘鍘嗘鏈堝垵涓€锛岃创鏄ヨ仈銆佹斁闉偖銆佸畧宀併€佹嫓骞达紝瀵撴剰杈炴棫杩庢柊
娓呮槑鑺?/strong>锛氭棦鏄妭姘斿張鏄妭鏃ワ紝鎵绁銆佽笍闈掗儕娓?/p>
绔崍鑺?/strong>锛氬啘鍘嗕簲鏈堝垵浜旓紝鍚冪步瀛愩€佽禌榫欒垷锛岀邯蹇靛眻鍘?/p>
涓鑺?/strong>锛氬啘鍘嗗叓鏈堝崄浜旓紝璧忔湀銆佸悆鏈堥ゼ锛岃薄寰佸洟鍦?/p>
杩欎簺浼犵粺鑺傛棩鏈€澶х殑鐗圭偣灏辨槸瀹冧滑涓庢垜鍥藉彜浠ｇ殑鍘嗘硶銆佽妭姘斻€佺キ绁€娲诲姩绱у瘑鐩稿叧锛屽凡缁忔祦浼犱簡鍗冪櫨骞淬€?姣斿鏄ヨ妭锛屾嵁璁拌浇宸叉湁4000澶氬勾鐨勫巻鍙蹭簡銆?/p>
馃攳 涓夈€佸姵鍔ㄨ妭鍒板簳鏄笉鏄紶缁熻妭鏃ワ紵
濂戒簡锛屼簡瑙ｄ簡鍔冲姩鑺傜殑鏉ュ巻鍜屼紶缁熻妭鏃ョ殑鐗圭偣鍚庯紝鎴戜滑鍙互鏉ュ洖绛旀牳蹇冮棶棰樹簡锛氬姵鍔ㄨ妭鍒板簳鏄笉鏄腑鍥界殑浼犵粺鑺傛棩锛?/p>
绛旀鏄細鍔冲姩鑺傛槸鎴戝浗娉曞畾鑺傚亣鏃ワ紝浣嗕笉鏄紶缁熻妭鏃?/strong>銆?/p>
涓轰粈涔堝憿锛熶富瑕佸尯鍒湪浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜鏂归潰锛?/p>
1. 鍘嗗彶娓婃簮涓嶅悓
浼犵粺鑺傛棩鏄粡杩囧嚑鐧惧勾鐢氳嚦鍑犲崈骞存祦浼犱笅鏉ョ殑锛屽叿鏈変腑鍗庢皯鏃忕殑鐗硅壊锛岃€屽姵鍔ㄨ妭璧锋簮浜?00澶氬勾鍓嶇殑鍥介檯宸ヤ汉杩愬姩銆?/p>
2. 鏂囧寲鍐呮兜涓嶅悓
浼犵粺鑺傛棩澶у涓庡師濮嬩俊浠般€佸ぉ璞＄墿鍊欍€佸巻娉曡妭姘旀湁鍏筹紝璁板綍鐫€涓崕姘戞棌鍏堟皯鐨勭ぞ浼氱敓娲绘枃鍖栧唴瀹癸紝鑰屽姵鍔ㄨ妭绾康鐨勬槸宸ヤ汉闃剁骇浜夊彇鏉冪泭鐨勬枟浜夈€?/p>
3. 鑼冨洿涓嶅悓
浼犵粺鑺傛棩鏄腑鍗庢皯鏃忕壒鏈夌殑锛岃€屽姵鍔ㄨ妭鏄叏涓栫晫80澶氫釜鍥藉鍏卞悓搴嗙鐨勫浗闄呮€ц妭鏃ャ€?/p>
涓轰簡璁╁ぇ瀹舵洿鐩磋鍦扮悊瑙ｏ紝鏉庤€佸笀鍋氫簡涓€涓畝鍗曠殑瀵规瘮琛細
| 瀵规瘮椤?| 鍔冲姩鑺?| 涓浗浼犵粺鑺傛棩锛堝鏄ヨ妭銆佷腑绉嬶級 |
|-------|-------|--------------------------|
| 璧锋簮鏃堕棿 | 19涓栫邯鏈紙100澶氬勾鍘嗗彶锛?| 鍙や唬锛堟暟鍗冨勾鍘嗗彶锛?|
| 璧锋簮鍦?/strong> | 鍥介檯锛堢編鍥借姖鍔犲摜宸ヤ汉杩愬姩锛?| 涓浗 |
| 鏂囧寲鍐呮兜 | 绾康宸ヤ汉杩愬姩锛屼簤鍙栨潈鐩?| 涓庡巻娉曘€佽妭姘斻€佺キ绁€銆佸啘鑰曟枃鍖栫浉鍏?|
| 搴嗙鑼冨洿 | 鍥介檯鎬э紝80澶氫釜鍥藉搴嗙 | 涓崕姘戞棌鐗规湁锛屾捣澶栧崕浜轰篃搴嗙 |
| 鍦ㄦ垜鍥界殑鍦颁綅 | 娉曞畾鑺傚亣鏃?| 娉曞畾鑺傚亣鏃?浼犵粺鑺傛棩 |
馃帀 鍥涖€佷腑鍥戒汉鎬庝箞杩囧姵鍔ㄨ妭锛?/p>
铏界劧鍔冲姩鑺備笉鏄紶缁熻妭鏃ワ紝浣嗗畠鍦ㄥ挶浠浗瀹跺凡缁忓舰鎴愪簡鐙壒鐨勫簡绁濇柟寮忓拰鐢熸椿涔犳儻銆傛湁浜涙湅鍙嬪彲鑳戒細闂紝鏃㈢劧涓嶆槸浼犵粺鑺傛棩锛屼负浠€涔堟垜浠繃寰楄繖涔堢儹闂瑰憿锛?/p>
鍏跺疄鍟婏紝鍔冲姩鑺傚湪鎴戝浗宸茬粡鏈変簡鑷繁鐨勨€滄湰鍦熺壒鑹测€濓紝鎴戜滑鍙互鐪嬬湅鐜板湪澶у甯歌鐨勮繃鑺傛柟寮忥細
鍋囨湡鏃呮父锛氬埄鐢ㄥ皬闀垮亣澶栧嚭娓哥帺锛屾斁鏉捐韩蹇?/p>
浜插弸鑱氫細锛氬浜烘湅鍙嬬浉鑱氬悆楗亰澶╋紝鍏变韩鏃跺厜
璐墿淇冮攢锛氱嚎涓婄嚎涓嬪晢瀹舵帹鍑哄悇绉嶄紭鎯犳椿鍔?/p>
鏂囪壓娲诲姩锛氬弬鍔犲悇绉嶅簡绁濋泦浼氭垨鏂囦綋濞变箰娲诲姩
琛ㄥ桨鍔冲姩鑰?/strong>锛氬绐佸嚭璐＄尞鐨勫姵鍔ㄨ€呰繘琛岃〃褰?/p>
鐗瑰埆鍊煎緱涓€鎻愮殑鏄紝鎴戝浗浠?989骞村悗锛屽熀鏈笂姣?骞磋〃褰颁竴娆″叏鍥藉姵鍔ㄦā鑼冨拰鍏堣繘宸ヤ綔鑰咃紝姣忔琛ㄥ桨3000浜哄乏鍙炽€?杩欑瀵瑰姵鍔ㄥ拰鍔冲姩鑰呯殑灏婇噸涓庤〃褰帮紝宸茬粡鎴愪负浜嗗姵鍔ㄨ妭鍦ㄦ垜鍥界殑涓€涓噸瑕佺壒鑹层€?/p>
馃挕 浜斻€佹垜鐨勪釜浜鸿鐐逛笌寤鸿
璁蹭簡杩欎箞澶氾紝鏉庤€佸笀涔熸兂鍒嗕韩涓€涓嬭嚜宸辩殑鐪嬫硶銆傝櫧鐒跺姵鍔ㄨ妭涓嶆槸浼犵粺鑺傛棩锛屼絾瀹冨湪褰撲唬涓浗绀句細鏈夌潃鐗瑰埆鐨勪环鍊笺€?/p>
鍔冲姩鑺傜殑鎰忎箟锛屽叾瀹炲凡缁忚秴鍑轰簡鍗曠函鐨勭邯蹇靛伐浜鸿繍鍔?/strong>锛屽畠鏇存槸涓€涓鎴戜滑鍙嶆€濆姵鍔ㄤ环鍊笺€佸皧閲嶅姵鍔ㄦ垚鏋滅殑鏈轰細銆傛瘡娆＄湅鍒板姵鍔ㄦā鑼冨彈鍒拌〃褰帮紝鎴戦兘瑙夊緱鐗瑰埆榧撹垶浜哄績锛岃繖绉嶅厜鑽ｆ劅姝ｆ槸鎴戜滑闇€瑕佷紶鎵跨粰涓嬩竴浠ｇ殑銆?/p>
瀵逛簬濡備綍杩囧ソ鍔冲姩鑺傦紝鎴戠粰澶у鍑犵偣寤鸿锛?/p>
1. 鐞嗚В鑺傛棩鍙岄噸鎰忎箟
鏃㈣浜嗚В鍥介檯鍔冲姩鑺傜殑鍘嗗彶鑳屾櫙锛屼篃瑕佺粨鍚堟垜鍥藉皧閲嶅姵鍔ㄣ€佸磭灏氬姵鍔ㄧ殑鏂囧寲浼犵粺锛岃杩欎釜鑺傛棩杩囧緱鏇村厖瀹炪€?/p>
2. 骞宠 浼戞伅涓庡伐浣?/strong>
鏀惧亣浼戞伅鍥虹劧閲嶈锛屼絾涔熷彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄨ繖涓椂闂存€濊€冧竴涓嬭嚜宸辩殑鑱屼笟瑙勫垝鍜屽彂灞曟柟鍚戯紝鍔抽€哥粨鍚堟墠鏄渶濂界殑鐘舵€併€?/p>
3. 鍒涙柊搴嗙鏂瑰紡
闄や簡鍑烘父鍜岃仛浼氾紝鎴戜滑涔熷彲浠ュ弬瑙傚伐浜鸿繍鍔ㄥ彶灞曡銆佽鐪嬬浉鍏崇邯褰曠墖锛屼赴瀵岃妭鏃ュ唴瀹广€?/p>
涓嶅緱涓嶈锛屽姵鍔ㄨ妭铏界劧涓嶆槸浼犵粺鑺傛棩锛屼絾瀹冨凡缁忔繁娣卞湴铻嶅叆浜嗘垜浠殑鐢熸椿銆傚氨鍍忓緢澶氬叾浠栧鏉ヨ妭鏃ヤ竴鏍凤紝鍦ㄤ腑鍥借繖鐗囧湡鍦颁笂鎵惧埌浜嗚嚜宸辩殑琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡锛岃繖涔熻灏辨槸鏂囧寲铻嶅悎鐨勯瓍鍔涘惂銆?/p>
鏃犺鏄笉鏄紶缁熻妭鏃ワ紝鍔冲姩鑺傜粰鎴戜滑鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓紤鎭€佸弽鎬濆拰搴嗙鐨勬満浼氾紝璁╂垜浠兘澶熷悜鎵€鏈夎緵鍕ゅ伐浣滅殑鍔冲姩鑰呰嚧鏁€傛瘯绔燂紝鍔冲姩鍒涢€犳枃鏄庯紝鍔冲姩鍒涢€犳湭鏉ワ紝鍔冲姩鏈€鍏夎崳锛?/p>